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Computers

Robots Teach Kids With Motor Skills Disorder to Write

Researchers at the University of Leeds are developing a device that lets children with dyspraxia, a motor-skills deficit, perform exercises designed to help them improve coordination. Similar to the high-degree-of-freedom interfaces used by computer animators and modelers, the device is essentially a digital pen attached to a robotic arm, and is used to control various games and activities, such as pushing virtual objects along a 3-D course. The arm exerts resistive forces to help guide the child's arm and hand.

Children with dyspraxia have trouble performing and completing many actions that require hand and finger dexterity (e.g., using a fork and knife, writing with a pen and paper). There have long been exercises to help such children develop control of their upper extremities, but until now the necessary equipment was confined to hospitals and clinics. With this project, the research team at Leeds is shrinking said equipment down, making it compatible with PCs, and thus allowing the exercises to be performed in the home.

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Computers

Terrifying Robotic Cockroach Survives Eight-Story Fall

The world of robotics is awash in nature-inspired cybernetic creatures -- bees, spiders, fish. But none have been so creepy as the DASH, or the Dynamic Autonomous Sprawled Hexapod. For those keeping score, that's a fancy way of saying "robotic cockroach."

The DASH was built by a team at the University of California Berkeley and mimics nature's nastiest little survivor in almost every way. Its six flexible legs allow it to move at astonishing speeds and climb over objects taller than itself. It's made out of little more than laminated cardboard, meaning a small swarm of these could be produced quickly and inexpensively. And even more amazing, the thing's nearly indestructible. The video (after the break) shows it being dropped eight stories, getting right back up, and going on its merry way.

As impressive as this little bot is, we're still creeped out watching it scurry across the floor in the video. We'll take the bar-tending robot over this thing any day. [From: Gizmodo]

Computers, Visionaries

Harvard Gets $10M to Create RoboBee Swarms

The world of insect cyborgs is abuzz over news about the latest addition to the ever-expanding robo phylum. In news that may soon send even the most cuddly winged creatures to the unemployment line, Harvard researchers have received a $10 million grant from the National Science Foundation to spawn an army of robot bees, reports Network World. The RoboBee project is slated to span 5 years, and, according to the Harvard RoboBee Web site, could not only provide insight about how to mimic the collective behavior and intelligence of a typical bee community, but also lead to further advances in the electrical engineering and construction of micro flying devices. If all goes according to plan, the robotic bees will be able to fly on their own, and work cooperatively with each other to coordinate hive business, just like the real thing. The similarities, though, stop at the stinger; scientists confirm that the robots, unlike their organic counterparts, will not have stingers.

Most importantly, perhaps, is the bees' potential social and environmental impact. Researchers expect the machine bees to pollinate plants autonomously, a feature that could lead to more efficient agricultural practices. They may also be able to provide assistance in coordinated emergency rescue efforts, using mobile sensor and environmental monitoring networks to help search for and locate, for instance, workers who are in danger.

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Car Tech

Fish-bots Could Lead to Safer Cars

Engineers at Nissan Motor in Tokyo have developed robots that mimic the collision-avoiding behaviors of schools of fish, with the hope of one day incorporating the technology to make cars safer. The fat, adorable, quizzically Japanese-looking creatures roam in groups of seven and escape crashes by sharing information from laser range finders with one another via radio, allowing the group formation to change safely as they ride. Nissan will demo the fishbots at CEATEC next week.

We're not credentialed ichthyologists here at Switched, but those 'bots look and act like no fish we've ever seen. Apparently some fish do actually make sounds and have the ability to hear, but not by radio waves. And seriously: these robot fish have frickin' lasers!

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Computers

Researchers Remote Control Flying Beetles Via Electrodes


The military and researchers across the country have been working on putting tiny bots in the air for quite some time. They've talked robotic spy-bats, dreamed up cyborg crickets, dragonflies, and all matter of other bug-sized bots. In fact, they've successfully implanted electrodes into the brains of crickets, moths, and beetles to exercise some control over their movements -- they even got a beetle to briefly take flight. But until now, the amount of control over motions has been very limited.

Researchers at the University of California Berkeley have succeeded in implanting electrodes into a beetle to remotely control its flight (video after the break). These mini electronics allow untethered control in free flight, something unachieved before now. In a paper published in the Frontiers in Neuroscience Journal, the researchers write that the zombie-controlled bugs could be "couriers to locations not easily accessible to humans or terrestrial robots."

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Switched Video

Why Robots Make Better Prostate Surgeons (Video)

Dr. David Samadi may look like he's playing a video game when he's at work, but he's actually performing robotic prostate surgery. The Chief of the Division of Robotics and Minimally Invasive Surgery at New York's Mt. Sinai Medical Center is one of only a half-dozen or so United States surgeons who can perform robotic laparoscopic surgery, which uses a special 3-D control system to operate the remote machinery that does the operation. Because it's super precise, robotic surgery is a godsend for folks who are getting prostate surgery, for example, since the only five incisions and mini-cameras that go inside a patient's abdomen during the operation minimize lengthy hospital stays, not to mention side effects like impotence and incontinence that come with traditional prostate surgery. To highlight Prostate Cancer Awareness Month (September), we visited Dr. Samadi at Mt. Sinai and filmed him in action. Check it out -- and while you're at it, get your prostate checked out (by your doctor, of course), especially if you're a male over the age of 50. It could save your life!

Computers

Nightmare-Causing Bloodbot Automates Bloodletting

Bloodbot Automates Bloodletting Causes Nightmares

Medical robots are nothing new to us here at the Switched offices. We've covered them before. But those robots haven't terrified us nearly as much as this, the Bloodbot.

The bot's form is a simple mechanical arm, equipped with a probe and needle. The probe feels around your arm for flesh that is relatively firm, betraying the presence of a vein. The Bloodbot then sticks you with the needle, waits for the subtle pop indicating a punctured vein, and then ceases its advance before it ruptures your vein (or, worse, your artery on the other side).

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Scientists Exiling Robots to Lonely, Desolate Work Camps


When scientists need to research a frigid, barren wasteland so inhospitable that humans stand no chance of survival, what do they do? Dispatch enslaved, persecuted, and voiceless robots, of course. With its excessively dry climate, low wind, and low atmospheric turbulence, Antarctica provides ideal star-gazing opportunities, but its negative-130-degree temperatures and geographical inaccessibility obviously make the job incredibly difficult for people.

Last year, under the leadership of the Polar Research Institute of China, scientists in Antarctica constructed the automated PLATeau Observatory (PLATO), a research station equipped with seven telescopes. Because of the success of PLATO, the National Science Foundation is constructing another unmanned, robot-controlled astronomical viewing station in an area known as Ridge A.

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Pentagon Making Cyborg Crickets


Using animals as sentinels is nothing new, such as when miners used canaries to detect carbon monoxide and methane in coal mines. As the New Scientist reports, the Pentagon plans to use cyborg crickets for very much the same purpose, only for detecting chemical and biological agents on the battlefield. By equipping the crickets with small electronics to control their muscle movements, and hence the sounds created by their wing movements, a living communications network (OrthopterNets) can be created to relay specific warning signals when the cricket is in proximity of certain chemicals. Similarly, the equipment can be modified to detect human scents, possibly helping to locate survivors in earthquake rubble or other disasters.

Because they communicate using wing-beats, crickets, cicadas, and katydids are all possible subjects. The idea first came about when Ben Epstein of high-tech company OpCoast was visiting China and noticed how the cicada were changing their calls to each other. OpCoast was later awarded a six-month contract to develop a mobile communications network for insects by the Pentagon. If you find all of this hard to believe, check out the video above from New Scientist showcasing human-controlled moths and beetles. [From: New Scientist]

Visionaries

'The Matrix' Fulfilled: EATR Military Robots to Use Biomatter as Fuel


The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), a research and development organization for the Department of Defense, aims to "maintain the technological superiority of the U.S military." It seeks to accomplish this goal by developing robots, lasers, spacecraft, and other awesome futuristic weapons of annihilation. It also apparently has no desire to heed the warnings of the 'Matrix' or 'Terminator' movies.

According to The Register, the group's latest design, the Energetically Autonomous Tactical Robot (EATR), is a pilot-less, steam-powered drone. Designed for long-range missions, it refuels itself by devouring any fossil fuels or biological matter in its path. While DARPA mentions using refuse such as apple cores for fuel, it's difficult to imagine these things not being used to harvest people as an energy source.

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Computers

Japanese Dental Students Use a Robot Patient

No one likes going to the dentist, so imagine the discomfort of being a patient for a dentist-in-training. So, in order to avoid pain, damage, and deep dental trauma, BBC reports that a professor at the Nippon Dental University Hospital in Tokyo has developed an interesting solution.

A sensor-laden, blinking and gurgling robot named Simroid acts as feedback, documenting and alerting the trainee when he or she has dug too deep or accidentally touched the robot inappropriately. The entire session is recorded to be later reviewed by professors or students.

Just like a real patient, the bot blinks, grunts, and shows responses to discomfort and fear. The robot's creator, Dr. Naotake Shibui, says it's essential, and helpful, to treat the simulator as a real person -- just subtract the blood, drool, and constant whining. [From: BBC.co.uk]

Computers

Disney's Hall of Presidents Unveils New Rob-O-bama


As millions of U.S. revelers celebrated Independence Day with friends, family, and barbeque, a select few were able to witness the reopening of Disney's Hall of Presidents, complete with new upgrades and a couple of significant additions.

The hall honors all of the nation's presidents with speaking animatronic replicants that mimic important addresses and events. For the first time (the exhibit opened in 1971), a George Washington-Bot delivered the performance's opening address. The show now concludes with a speech from the brand new RobO-bama, which was created using footage from Obama's campaign trail and his inaugural address. Audio footage is provided from an interview conducted with the sitting president.

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Computers

Professor Gives Ethics to Robots on the Battlefield

The groundwork for robotic morality was laid by science fiction writer Isaac Asimov, who created the 'Three Laws of Robotics.' Taking these ideas to war, Georgia Institute of Technology professor Ron Arkin has tried to establish ethical mores for bots on the battlefield.

Arkin, who used an advanced simulation system called MissionLab to create scenarios based on real-life, tested artificial intelligence's ethics on deciding who, and how, to attack during war-time. His qualifiers are much more detailed than Asimov's, including international law and conservative action. Using the argument that robots do not have an inherent need for self-preservation and don't feel fear (or hysteria), Arkin argues that robots -- when used ethically -- could save lives.

The conscientious droids are supposed to take the entire atmosphere into consideration, determining ways to avoid collateral damage and ascertain appropriate attack locations (it's against international law to engage soldiers in, say, a graveyard). Yet, even Arkin says more research needs to be done, and robots would be best when there is no ethical gray area. Ultimately, he contends, metal and silicon need to be held to the same standards as flesh and bone. [From: CNET]

Editor's Picks

Man Mimics Machine -- 5 Extraordinary Talents



Derek Paravicini isn't the first to mimic a music player's capability. As soon as animitronics started resembling something real, humans strove to imitate the mechanical. Call it a critique on technology or just plain cool, the history of people playing machine is as old and varied as technology itself. From beatboxing to 8-bit, take a look at some of our favorite machine-like moments.

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Computers, Editor's Picks

The 5 Greatest Planet-Exploring Robots



If its mission succeeds in 2012, NASA's latest Mars rover, the newly christened Curiosity will join an elite group of robots that have managed to touch down safely on an alien world. Click through to see Curiosity's five greatest forbearers.



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