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The Science of Mona Lisa's Smile


The subtle complexity of Mona Lisa's sly smirk has captivated generations of casual art enthusiasts, academics, and even scientists. In reality, it is a fine sliver of paint, but in the realm of art, it acts as a monument to the indefinable. But it's time to end the infernal debate: is it a smile or not?

According to a study conducted at the Institute of Neuroscience in Alicante, Spain, the answer is both. Arggggg!

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Video Games

Gaming Rodents Help Scientists Study Brains

Neuroscientists have made significant advances in the field of brain-mapping in recent years, but studying the actions of individual neurons has been almost impossible, particularly for moving subjects. According to Wired, a recent study published in Nature indicates that scientists, who previously could only study the simultaneous actions of millions of neurons, can actually monitor individual neural activity with a little help from video games.

The researchers stationed a mouse, with a miniscule gadget that measures electrical currents embedded in its hippocampus, on a styrofoam ball in front of a video screen (incredible video after the break). The scientists then investigated the rodent's brain activity as it virtually meandered its way through a 'Quake 2' landscape. The feat could not be performed on mice in actual mazes because of constant head movement. This predicament was avoided with the virtual maze, because the subject's head was held in place by a stationary helmet, allowing for real-time mapping of individual cells.

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Video Games

Scientists: 'Tetris' Makes You Smarter


'Tetris' has always been crazy addictive. It just may, however, make you smarter, too.

A study by the Mind Research Network reveals that playing 'Tetris' on a regular basis can improve critical thinking, planning skills, reasoning, and even language. Adolescent girls who played the game improved brain performance and efficiency, and also developed thicker cortexes. (We're told that's a good thing). The study, which spanned three months, is the first to use MRI brain scans to examine the neurological effects of gaming, and, as 'Tetris' celebrates its 25th anniversary, this news could not come at a more fortuitous time.

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Computers

Can Brain Scans Reveal What You've Seen?

Most people view mind reading as nothing more than a cheap parlor trick, but a group of scientists hope to make the notion a reality. According to Wired, some neuroscientists from the University of California at Berkeley tracked the neural activity of test subjects who looked at an image, and then they studied the emerging patterns. Again, testers showed subjects more images, studied the results, and matched those to images from a database of more than 6 million.

Jack Gallant, one of the researchers, uses a metaphor about a magician to describe the findings. When a magician identifies the card pulled from a deck, he's seen all those cards already. That's not what Gallant and his team were doing. With their research, they have no idea what 'cards' (the images shown to the viewer) the test subject has seen. The 'magician has to figure (out the card) without ever seeing it.'

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Audio/Video, Computers

Scientists Might Be Able to Watch and Record Dreams



If your idea of fun is letting people see what you dream and picture in your head, you might want to sign up for this study. A group of Japanese researchers successfully displayed an image using electrical signals from the brain, a revolutionary feat they hope will let them visualize dreams.

The scientists from ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories are the first people to ever visualize what we see by studying brain activity. The study focuses on the process in which the retina recognizes an image, converts it into electrical signals that are interpreted by the brain's visual cortex. So far, they've only been able to recreate simple images -- in this case, the letters of the word "neuron" -- but they hope the technology will let them watch and record dreams.

We're not exactly sure if this will be used to determine why people dream or have applications in psychotherapy, but it's pretty interesting stuff. While we're fine keeping our dreams to ourselves, would you let scientists watch what you picture at night, provided they don't tell your significant other? [From: Daily Mail]

Audio/Video, Computers

"Robo-Moth" Gives Hope to Amputees



Further hope that victims of paralysis or amputation could one day reclaim some form of motion came this week in the form of a robotically-enhanced, tobacco-chewing moth.

The Society for Neuroscience's yearly gathering in San Diego saw a presentation on research in which a tobacco hornworm moth's brain was connected to electrodes and amplifiers at the base of a fairly common kit of robotic parts. When the insect's highly developed eyes, evolved for evading predators and mating, would shift left or right, the attached robotic parts would react accordingly.

In order to get the "robo-moth" to shift it's eyes, the scientists placed it in tube with a 14-ich tall revolving wall covered in vertical stripes. The moths, which only live about a week, would then track the stripes resulting in motion with the longest tracking time lasting nearly a minute and a half.

While limited at the moment, the device's use in harnessing electric impulses in such a small brain gives way to added possibilities from using insects as bomb-detectors to the aforementioned ambitions for practical human applications.

From LA Times

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