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Study Shows Monkeys Carefully Pick Tools

Monkeys Carefully Pick Tools
We're just growing to accept that man is not the only creature on Earth who has developed the ability to use tools. First it was chimpanzees using stones to crack open fruit and nuts, and sticks to fish out termites. Then last year our closest simian relatives were observed making spears. Suddenly we weren't so special anymore. And now we're being forced to acknowledge that yet another creature, even further down the evolutionary totem poll, has also shown an ability to use objects in their surroundings as instruments for problem solving.

Capuchin monkeys had been observed before using rocks to crack open nuts after resting them on boulders. But new observations suggest that the capuchin don't just grab any rock to accomplish the job, but carefully select the stones best suited for the job. Elisabetta Visalberghi, a primatologist at Italy's Institute of Cognitive Science and Technologies, after first observing the behavior began an intense study in which capuchin monkeys were presented with a collection of rocks with which to smash open the nuts. The monkeys routinely picked out the heaviest, densest rocks, completely bypassing lighter or more brittle rocks that might break.

That's just one more source of soldiers in the army of apes and robots that we're expecting to enslave us all any day now. [From: Wired]

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Computers

Monkey Brains Control A Robotic Arm



A monkey named Arthur who wants a marshmallow could hold the answer to how paraplegics may soon be able to control robotic limbs and hands with their brains.

Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have implanted microelectrodes into the monkey's brain that measure signals and translate them into commands that move a robotic arm, in this case grabbing a marshmallow and moving the arm to the monkey's mouth. The goal of the research program is to develop prosthetic limbs for people who have suffered spinal cord injuries, lost a limb or who have limited capabilities due to disease.

The researchers have found that certain motor neurons fire in a certain way depending on which direction the monkey wants to move the robotic arm. It takes about three days for a monkey to learn how to move the arm, and the animal's limbs are gently restrained while connected to the machine so they can't grab the marshmallow themselves. After a while, they don't even try to use their arms to reach for the treat.

Once they refine the process for controlling an arm, the researchers will focus on developing a more complex wrist and jointed fingers, which will allow for more precise movement. According to one of the researchers, the monkeys are quite motivated to do their part in the experiments. "They sure like eating their marshmallows," he says.

Indeed. [Source: Reuters]

Computers

Monkeys Control Robot Legs - With Their Minds (Video)


The scientists at Duke University must be stopped! Researchers have created an unholy alliance, bringing together the two biggest threats to human dominance of the planet Earth (outside ourselves) -- monkeys and robots.

The researchers' motivations are innocent, however. The scientists put electrodes in the brains of two rhesus monkeys then stuck them on a tread mill. Wait -- this gets better. The electrodes were then connected to a pair of robotic legs that moved as the monkeys thought about walking. Even when the treadmills stopped the monkeys were able to keep the robotic legs in motion for several minutes with just the power of their minds.

While this may sound like the plot of a Sci-Fi film about science gone awry, the research is actually aimed at restoring mobility to those who suffer paralysis. By understanding how the brain controls legs, researchers hope to develop robotic leg braces that humans will be able to control with their minds.

A noble cause, but we're still gonna have nightmares about bionic chimps.

From TechDigest

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Monkeys Control Robotic Arms Via Internet



Curious George prefers eating bananas, but playing with robots will do to pass the time. A team of scientists at Duke University took the world by surprise in 2003 when it successfully used monkeys to control robotic arms with only their brains. Don't be surprised, but the Duke team just one-upped itself.

Implanting electrodes into the monkeys' brains, the researchers were able to train the primates to move robotic legs in this iteration of their experiments. Nothing special there, right? Well, the new wrinkle that they presented at this year's Neuroscience Conference was the monkeys' ability to movethe robotic legs from thousands of miles away, with the primates and robotic limbs linked only by the Internet! While the monkeys were at the conference in San Diego, they moved the legs, which happened to across the Pacific at the Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International in Kyoto, Japan.

In 2005, the Duke scientists announced that their original work caused the monkeys' brain cells to adapt. Even though the 2003 experiment showed that the monkeys could control the robotic arms as if they were moving their own limbs, it was inconclusive as to whether the monkeys' brain cells were changing in response to the task. The study two years later definitively proved that the primate brain is very adaptable, which suggests that the human brain is much the same.

If the human brain can adapt to using similar technology, then its significance for the disabled is unparalleled. Should the brain be as adaptable as the 2005 work intimates, it would allow the handicapped to experience greater independence and self-sufficiency by using these brain-operated devices to control robotic assistants or limbs. Want to know more? Check out back issues of the journal Neuroscience. Until then, let's hope these monkeys have a less mischievous inner child than George.

From New Scientist (via Engadget)

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