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The Internet Changes Your Brain, Study Shows

The Internet has firmly burrowed its way into our psyches. We think in 140-character bursts. We Google our memory when we can't, for the life of us, remember the name of that guy from 'Ghost.' We meet new people and imagine a reconfiguration of our Facebook friends list. The Internet has fundamentally changed the way we think, and a newly released study may provide hard, scientific proof of what we've always known.

In a recent UCLA study, adults with little Internet wherewithal showed noticeable changes in brain activity after just one week of online exposure. In fact, researchers suggest that the Internet may even help stimulate and enhance cognition in older adults, a finding that could have significant implications for Alzheimer's and dementia research. The study looked at a group of older adults, aged 55 to 78, half of whom used the Internet on a daily basis and half of whom hardly at all. After researchers used an MRI to examine brain activity while subjects performed online searches, the volunteers were sent home. While there, they spent an hour a day performing Web searches, for a total of seven days. Among the novices, researchers found increased activity in the neural regions controlling language, memory, and vision. Perhaps more interestingly, they discovered that after only one week, those with little prior experience displayed brain activity very similar to that of the more savvy users.

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Audio/Video, Computers

Can Fear-Analyzing Brain Scans Make Scary Movies Scarier?

With Halloween just around the corner, your local multiplex will soon be flooded with horror flicks. And this year, they might be scarier than ever. That's due to the attention one filmmaker has gotten over his novel approach to the genre, using science to discover just why and when people are frightened at the movies.

According to CNN, British producer Peter Katz enlisted Mindsign Neuromarketing to perform a brain scan on a subject as she watched two scenes from the upcoming film 'Pop Skull,' co-written and directed by Alabama duo Adam Wingard and Lane Hughes. During the test, researchers looked for activity in the amygdala, which is the part of the brain linked to fear.

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Computers

Can Brain Scans Reveal What You've Seen?

Most people view mind reading as nothing more than a cheap parlor trick, but a group of scientists hope to make the notion a reality. According to Wired, some neuroscientists from the University of California at Berkeley tracked the neural activity of test subjects who looked at an image, and then they studied the emerging patterns. Again, testers showed subjects more images, studied the results, and matched those to images from a database of more than 6 million.

Jack Gallant, one of the researchers, uses a metaphor about a magician to describe the findings. When a magician identifies the card pulled from a deck, he's seen all those cards already. That's not what Gallant and his team were doing. With their research, they have no idea what 'cards' (the images shown to the viewer) the test subject has seen. The 'magician has to figure (out the card) without ever seeing it.'

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Web, Social Networking

Twitter and Facebook Can Kill Compassion, Studies Suggest

Two separate studies at two different California universities are both suggesting that online social networks could cause psychological, and potentially moral, harm to avid users, reports the Daily Mail.

One of those studies, led by Dr. Mary Helen Immordino-Yang at the University of Southern California, claims that the speedy, immediate transfer of information on such sites does not provide the reader with sufficient time to develop a moral response. "If things are happening too fast, you may not ever fully experience emotions about other people's psychological states and that would have implications for your morality," Dr. Immordino-Yang explained to the Mail.

The second study, conducted at the University of California, San Diego under the leadership of Professor Dilip Jeste, strives to show that such human facilities as empathy and selflessness reside in the pre-frontal cortex of the brain. The problem? According to Jeste, the pre-frontal cortex shuts down during times of overstimulation. "Constant bombardment by outside high-intensity stimuli is not likely to be healthy," he told the Mail.

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Computers

Honda Robot ASIMO Controlled By Thought


Sorry, that's not actually Dark Helmet, it's a researcher demonstrating the latest Brain Machine Interface (BMI) cooked up for robotics. While it's not looking too portable, it's a far nimbler setup than the original MRI Scanner first concocted by Honda to control robots in near real-time back in 2006. This time, Honda Research Institute in coordination with Advanced Telecommunications Research (ATR) and Shimadzu Corporation have achieved robotic thought control using a sensor cap to measure electrical potential on the scalp and cerebral blood flow. While we've seen much of this BMI tech applied to video games in the past, Honda claims its technology achieves the world's highest accuracy at 90-percent without special training. Impressive, even though it's clearly R&D work for now. Check the video after the break.

[Via Akihabara News]

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Researchers Tout Progress in Creating a Brain on a Chip


Mimicking the human brain has long been near the top of the list of dream projects for many a sci-fi-inspired scientist, and it looks like one team involved in the EU-supported FACETS initiative is now making some real, if still preliminary progress in the field. Apparently, they've built upon some recent mapping and modeling research and created an actual chip (or, more specifically a 20cm wafer), which could eventually contain a network of 200,000 neurons and 50 million synapses. That, the researchers say, will allow for them to take on larger scale neural computing work than has previously been possible, and could even lead to "practical neural computers" in as little as five years, which they say could be particularly helpful for things like internet search -- or, you know, commanding a massive robot army.

[Thanks, Scott]

Computers

Is Facebook Destroying Kids' Brains?

Facebook Destroying Children's Brains?

Okay, look, we know that unchecked addiction to the Internet and social networking sites is going to have a negative impact on your mental abilities and attention span, but warnings from neuroscientist Susan Greenfield make Facebook out to be an epidemic worse than the Bubonic Plague and Rickrolling combined.

Most of the news isn't new; scientists believe that the Internet is changing how our brains develop as we get older, affecting everything from how we associate information to how we socialize. Greenfield and others, however, are beginning to argue that social networking sites, video games and other electronic media are doing more harm than good. According to an interview with the Daily Mail, Greenfield believes that such input may be "infantilising" the brain, creating a generation of "children who are attracted by buzzing noises and bright lights, who have a small attention span and who live for the moment."

Greenfield takes her sensationalistic and alarmist views a step further, postulating a link between rising occurrences of disorders like autism and the prevalence of social networking sites.

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Audio/Video, Computers

Scientists Might Be Able to Watch and Record Dreams



If your idea of fun is letting people see what you dream and picture in your head, you might want to sign up for this study. A group of Japanese researchers successfully displayed an image using electrical signals from the brain, a revolutionary feat they hope will let them visualize dreams.

The scientists from ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories are the first people to ever visualize what we see by studying brain activity. The study focuses on the process in which the retina recognizes an image, converts it into electrical signals that are interpreted by the brain's visual cortex. So far, they've only been able to recreate simple images -- in this case, the letters of the word "neuron" -- but they hope the technology will let them watch and record dreams.

We're not exactly sure if this will be used to determine why people dream or have applications in psychotherapy, but it's pretty interesting stuff. While we're fine keeping our dreams to ourselves, would you let scientists watch what you picture at night, provided they don't tell your significant other? [From: Daily Mail]

Computers

Human Brain Could Be Capable of 'Downloading,' Research Suggests



In this month's issue of Scientific American, writer Gary Stix reports that recent bio-tech developments could lead to 'Matrix'-style technologies that would allow the human brain to interact with information and robotics just as a computer would interact with a keyboard and flash drive.

Among these developments is Niel Birbaumer's research at Germany's University of Tubingen which suggests that, by magnetically stimulating the cortex and then mapping neuron activity, experts could activate particular memories in a subject (a potential boon for those with Alzheimer's). In addition, researchers at U.S.C. and Wake Forest are developing an artificial hippocampus that could, theoretically, one day enable Alzheimer's patients to create new memories. And while neuroscientists have already engineered prosthetics that are controlled by brain signals, research indicates that soon those prostheses may be able to send signals back to the brain. Not only would you be able to reach out and pet a kitten with your prosthetic hand, but you would also be able to actually feel the softness of its fur.

While researchers have already introduced bionic eyes and hands, and neural implants capable of learning, these more recent developments are particularly intriguing. It could very well be that, in the coming decades, more and more people -- particularly those who have lost brain or limb function -- could come to integrate machines into their bodies and into their very psyches. Let's just hope they don't speak with an Austrian accent and have an obsession with somebody named "John Connor." [From: Scientific American]

Audio/Video, TV

Does Watching Color Television Color Our Dreams?



Do androids dream of electric sheep? Possibly, but here's something a bit more relevant: New research suggests that if you grew up watching a black and white television set, you probably dream in black and white.

The evidence comes from Dundee, Scotland, where it is now being estimated that while almost all those under 25 years old dream in color, thousands of those over-55 dream in monochrome, still to this day. "It suggests there could be a critical period in our childhood when watching films has a big impact on the way dreams are formed," says Eva Murzyn, a psychology student at the University of Dundee who carried out the study. "What is even more interesting is that before the advent of black and white television, all the evidence suggests we were dreaming in color."

Research studies from 1915 through the 1950s suggested that the vast majority of dreams were in black and white; Things changed in the sixties, and later results suggested that up to 83-percent of dreams contain some color.

Murzyn surveyed more 60 people (half of which were over 55 and half were under 25), and combined what she found with the older data to form her conclusions.

"The crucial time is between three and 10 when we all begin to have the ability to dream," she said. "Television and films which by their very nature are interesting and emotionally engaging and even dreamlike. So when you dream you may copy what you have seen on the screen. I have even had a computer game player who dreams as if he is in front of a computer screen." All of which explains a hell of a lot. [From: The Telegraph]

Computers

Monkeys Re-Learn to Control Paralyzed Limbs



Chances are you've heard how the great majority of our brain cells sit more or less idle, seemingly just taking up space or doing something we haven't yet figured out. Scientists are finding they may be able to tap into that resource to re-train brains to control paralyzed limbs with a little help from external electrical stimulation. That's a concept proven by scientists at the University of Washington in Seattle, who were able to train a monkey to control a paralyzed limb using an unrelated brain cell.

The process is called functional electrical stimulation, or FES, which uses electricity to stimulate and activate muscles. It's effectively like running a patch around a damaged wire and controlling the muscles by an external system. Using FES, the monkey was able to re-learn how to control the wrist muscles in a paralyzed arm using a system that monitored activity in a single brain cell. A full implementation of this sort of system is still years or even decades away, but in the not too distant future this could allow those who've suffered spinal trauma to regain control of their limbs. [From: CBS News]

Computers, Google

New Study Finds Google Makes You Smarter, Not Stupider

Google Makes You Smarter, Not StupiderOh, how quickly minds change. Just a couple of months ago, Google was making us stupid. And it made sense. It was shortening our attention spans and allowing us to become lazy about remembering facts and information. Now, a new study shows that searching Google might actually make you smarter (will they ever make up their minds?).

Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) gave basic tasks to two groups of people. Tasks included things such as searching for the health benefits of eating chocolate or drinking coffee, and the test subject's brain activity was measured with an MRI. The folks in the group with little technological know-how used the same parts of their brains as they did when reading (the visual cortex) and the areas associated with language. The researchers saw more activity in these areas with the Web-savvy group, plus a flurry of activity in the frontal lobe, which controls decision-making and complex reasoning.

Evidence does suggest that the less-experienced group was forming new connections and developing techniques and areas of their brain that they didn't normally use. These new challenges could help strengthen mental health in older people who are unfamiliar with computers.

The Internet not only serves as a bottomless source for information, but actually acts as a form of mental exercise. Who needs to drop $30 on 'Brain Age' when Google is free? [From: CNN]

Computers, Video Games, Peripherals

The Mind-Reading Controller for Video Games



Those who love video games but are hampered by poor hand-eye coordination will be happy to hear that biofeedback is on its way to the living room. A California-based company called NeuroSky showed off the newest version of its headset (called Mindset) at this week's Tokyo Game Show, and the response has been positive.

Essentially, the device is hooked up to a PC (playing a custom-made game) and can tell whether the player is focused or relaxed. It moves the on-screen character accordingly, as your brain waves prescribe.

"We brought this to the game show as a new interface, a new platform for game creators," NeuroSky managing director Kikuo Ito told AFP. "Once people get used to the idea of using brain waves for various applications, I hope we will see various products using this technology," he said.

In long-distance learning courses, for example, teachers could monitor whether students were attentive, he said, adding that train drivers and motorists could use it to judge their stress levels and alertness. And girlfriends could tell whether or not their boyfriend was listening to them.

Wait, maybe this is a bad idea. [From: SMH]

Audio/Video, Computers

'Thought Helmets' Could Enable Voiceless Troop Communication

This won't mark the first time the US government has looked into other means for helping soldiers communicate on the battlefield, but it's one of the first instances where vocal cords aren't even necessary. The US Army has recently awarded a $4 million contract to a coalition of scientists, all of which will soon start developing a "thought helmet" to enable voiceless, secure communication between comrades.

In theory, at least, the helmet will boast a litany of sensors that will hopefully "lead to direct mental control of military systems by thought alone." According to Dr. Elmar Schmoozer, the Army neuroscience overseeing the program, the system will be like "radio without a microphone."

Oh, and don't think for a second that they aren't considering civilian applications as well -- passing along jokes on the boss via telekinesis? Yes, please.

[Via Slashdot]

Video Games

Top 11 Free Brain Games

Not all video games are bad for you. In fact, most video games actually engage different parts of your brain to help develop logic, decision-making, mental speed, and even creativity. Now, a new trend in gaming called "brain games" aims at actually training your noodle to help you improve your mental facilities. Problem is, many of these games require some sort of site subscirption fee or even a Nintendo DS to play "Brain Age".

Fear not, dear Switched reader. We scoured the net to find 11 of the best brain games -- and even better, they're all free.

1. WordCrunch

WordCrunch Brain Game

WordCrunch is your basic word-search game, but it changes themes on a daily basis. This one is easy to learn but tough to master. This is the ultimate test of your vocabulary, mental speed, and visual acuity.

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