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Schools of Swimming Robots to Study Ocean Currents

Robot Swarms to Study Ocean Currents
If you happen to notice a swarm of robots floating past your beachfront home, don't panic; it's not the first wave of the SkyNet invasion. Aided by funding from the National Science Foundation, the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) is planning to deploy fleets of autonomous robots, possibly numbering in the hundreds, to study localized oceanic environments.

High on the list of phenomena to study is the way in which tiny sub-currents affect small organisms like plankton and their abilities to survive and move about the ocean. The robots, called "autonomous underwater explorers" (AUEs), will also provide important data about the spread of dangerous environmental toxins that arise from disasters like oil spills and harmful algae blooms.

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Computers

Man Builds Biological Virus Sculptures From Salvaged PCs

As the saying goes, one man's trash is another man's treasure. Well, that's certainly true for sculptor Forrest McCluer, who salvaged 30 computers from a garbage pile outside an office building and made it his personal mission to turn that junk into art. Now, one series in his 'The 30 Computers Project' brings a whole new meaning to term computer virus. McCluer used some of the discarded computer parts to build sculptures of biological viruses.

Judging by the pictures McCluer posts alongside his models, these sculptures are pretty accurate. There's the 'Transformer 'Virus,' which looks like the common cold and uses yellow PC transformers. Then, there's the 'Capacitor Virus,' which represents the rhinovirus and uses, of course, assorted PC capacitors. With all the talk about swine flu lately, it's nice to know that these viruses can't harm you. [From: The 30 Computers Project, via Neatorama]



Visionaries

Robo-Fish Swim Just Like the Real Thing


It's good to hear that engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are starting to spend some time outside every once in a while. Pablo Alvarado, a mechanical engineer, and his colleagues at that prestigious university must have done so in developing their latest project: the robo-fish.

Between five and eight inches long, the prototypes are comprised of a mere 10 movable parts and covered with a highly flexible, water- and heat-resistant polymer. Modeled to swim (check out a video after the break) like their aquatic inspirations, the robots can apparently accurately imitate the movements of freshwater bass, trout and tuna. While so specifically mirroring natural movements might seem like a gimmick, Alvarado and his associates are actually delving into biomimicry, which hinges on the idea that -- in many cases -- nature's design is the best one.

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Visionaries

Robots Learn to Lie and Deceive Each Other in Search for 'Food'

If you grew up with a few brothers and sisters, you know there are certain unspoken rules when it comes to food. You have to move fast without being noticed to get the last fish stick. According to a new study, it's not just humans who can learn these survival rules; robots can, too.

Technology Review reports that a team of scientists at Switzerland's Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne are soon to release a study on robots equipped with artificial neural networks and programmed to locate 'food.' When a robot neared the 'food,' it flashed a blue light so other robots could also find it. With limited space around the 'food,' the robots soon learned this wasn't the best idea. The researchers copied and combined the artificial neural networks of the most 'intelligent' robots, and made a few changes to the code to mimic biological mutations. As a result, the robots 'evolved' -- learning not to alert other each other to the food. After a few hundred (increasingly intelligent) 'generations,' the majority of robots didn't flash a light at all.

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Visionaries

Stanford Professor Sequences His Genome in Just One Week

Reading an entire novel is often considered a nice week's accomplishment, but a Stanford University professor has put that idea to shame. In just seven days, he mapped his entire DNA.

According to an AP story on the Denver Post's Web site, bioengineering professor Stephen Quake, PhD, announced yesterday that he'd sequenced his genome in just one week, using only one machine and drawing on less than $50,000 in funds. When you consider the fact that the same task took the Human Genome Project 13 years and about $300 million, it's easy to understand how Quake's accomplishment could shake up the scientific community. He told the Stanford University News, "This can now be done in one lab, with one machine, at a modest cost."

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Computers

Mass-Producing Human Skin Just Got Cheaper

In news that sounds much freakier than it actually is, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Science Institute in Germany has recently made great strides in improving the cost and speed of producing human skin.

We know. Just bear with us here.

According to Popular Science, the system is set to go on sale next year, and can produce "5,000 little swatches of human skin a month, for a total of over 600 square inches of mass-produced tissue." Each of these little bits would cost around $49 to produce, which is apparently far cheaper than current costs.

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Audio/Video

Why Do We Sound Different Through a Microphone?

You've spent hours writing quality comedic YouTube material and perfecting your delivery, but when you finally watch your masterpiece, your voice doesn't sound deep and smooth like you'd expected. Instead, you sound like a whiny, pubescent goob. What's the deal?

PopSci.com recently asked Vanderbilt University audiology professor why a person's recorded voice sounds different than what they hear when they speak. He attributes the perceived sound of a person's voice to throat, skin, and skull vibrations. Those vibrations mixed with sound waves (called bone conduction) create a "deeper, more dignified," lower frequency pitch than what others hear. Microphones and recorders don't convey those vibrations either, because they only register sound through air conduction.

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Computers

Human Brain Could Be Capable of 'Downloading,' Research Suggests



In this month's issue of Scientific American, writer Gary Stix reports that recent bio-tech developments could lead to 'Matrix'-style technologies that would allow the human brain to interact with information and robotics just as a computer would interact with a keyboard and flash drive.

Among these developments is Niel Birbaumer's research at Germany's University of Tubingen which suggests that, by magnetically stimulating the cortex and then mapping neuron activity, experts could activate particular memories in a subject (a potential boon for those with Alzheimer's). In addition, researchers at U.S.C. and Wake Forest are developing an artificial hippocampus that could, theoretically, one day enable Alzheimer's patients to create new memories. And while neuroscientists have already engineered prosthetics that are controlled by brain signals, research indicates that soon those prostheses may be able to send signals back to the brain. Not only would you be able to reach out and pet a kitten with your prosthetic hand, but you would also be able to actually feel the softness of its fur.

While researchers have already introduced bionic eyes and hands, and neural implants capable of learning, these more recent developments are particularly intriguing. It could very well be that, in the coming decades, more and more people -- particularly those who have lost brain or limb function -- could come to integrate machines into their bodies and into their very psyches. Let's just hope they don't speak with an Austrian accent and have an obsession with somebody named "John Connor." [From: Scientific American]

Green Tech

Humans Will Create Artificial Life In 10 Years, Says Scientist

Artificial Life Coming Within 10 Years?

Mark Bedau, COO of ProtoLife in Venice, Italy, believes that within ten years, scientists will be able to create artificial living cells. We're not talking about microscopic machines that can swim around and such. Bedau expects to see real living cells with DNA and metabolic processes that can ingest food from the surrounding environment and process it into energy. He says they may even reproduce.

This raises some obvious fears about these microscopic critters and what would happen if they escaped and started consuming the world wholesale. Bedau downplays these fears, saying: "When these things are created, they're going to be so weak, it'll be a huge achievement if you can keep them alive for an hour in the lab. But them getting out and taking over, never in our imagination could this happen." Perhaps Mr. Bedau and his biologist cronies should follow the lead of the Department of Homeland Security and hire a few science fiction consultants to broaden their horizons a bit. Or maybe artificial life just isn't that hungry.

The possible religious implications are huge, too. For those who believe humans shouldn't create life, this could be a topic of heated discussion. Are the scientists playing the part of creator?

From CNN

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