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Computers

Who Needs Teachers When You've Got Robots to Grade Essays?

Britain to Start Marking English Exams with Robots
Automated test scoring is nothing new. Most of us are quite familiar with the act of filling in little #2 pencil marks on a Scantron, and having it fed through a machine that puts a depressing little red dash next to each wrong answer. That's all well and good for tests with simple multiple choice answers, but what about tests with written answers and essay questions, like an English test? Well, Pearson, an America-based education company, will be debuting a new English proficiency exam given to students seeking admission to British universities.

The Times Educational Supplement (TES) reported that Pearson had developed an artificial intelligence program that can assess the use of grammar and vocabulary in essays. A representative from Pearson told TES that the system was just as accurate as a human marker, but removed variables like fatigue and changes in mood. The program was created by analyzing how human scorers marked tests, but academics, teachers, and common sense says that a machine will never be able to pick up on the small quirks that make for quality writing.

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Visionaries

Robots Learn to Lie and Deceive Each Other in Search for 'Food'

If you grew up with a few brothers and sisters, you know there are certain unspoken rules when it comes to food. You have to move fast without being noticed to get the last fish stick. According to a new study, it's not just humans who can learn these survival rules; robots can, too.

Technology Review reports that a team of scientists at Switzerland's Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne are soon to release a study on robots equipped with artificial neural networks and programmed to locate 'food.' When a robot neared the 'food,' it flashed a blue light so other robots could also find it. With limited space around the 'food,' the robots soon learned this wasn't the best idea. The researchers copied and combined the artificial neural networks of the most 'intelligent' robots, and made a few changes to the code to mimic biological mutations. As a result, the robots 'evolved' -- learning not to alert other each other to the food. After a few hundred (increasingly intelligent) 'generations,' the majority of robots didn't flash a light at all.

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Web

Can Artificial-Intelligence 'Ninjas' Find the Best Price on the Web?

Fixed-price shopping is for the birds, especially on the Internet. How do you know if you're really getting the best deal possible? Well, a new Web service hopes to take care of those worries.

Aroxo, a shopping site, will debut a program called 'Negotiating Ninjas' this Fall, BBC News reports. Designed by researchers at Southampton University, the 'Ninjas,' which will be fully operational by Christmas, function as artificial-intelligence 'agents' for shoppers and sellers, negotiating the best prices possible for both. In order to reach a middle ground, a shopper and seller answer a number of questions -- from how much they're willing to pay to how eager they are to sell a product. Then, an 'agent' uses heuristics -- a set of rules used to find the best answer in situations where there's no single 'correct' one -- to make offers until the item is sold or someone leaves the negotiations.

Aroxo says the service is free, but users must pay the site .3-percent of the buyer's original asking price just to contact someone about a sale. So, in a roundabout way, you're still paying for the 'agent.' It'll be interesting to see if folks really do get some great bargains, or if this is more trouble than it's worth. [From: BBC News]

Visionaries

Scientists: 'The Robots Are Coming! The Robots Are Coming!'


Scenes of robots running amok, killing indiscriminately and taking over computer systems have been portrayed in countless films and books. Now, some scientists say these fictional situations could become a reality if limits aren't placed on advances in artificial intelligence (A.I.).

The New York Times reports that a group of computer scientists, organized by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, met in February to discuss advanced A.I.'s potentially dangerous results. No need to panic, though. Robots aren't about to bust down your door and murder you in your sleep. However, these scientists do believe that, as A.I. more convincingly copies human behavior (e.g. a home service robot or a self-driving car), it could take more and more jobs from humans. There's also concern that criminals could use A.I. for dirty deeds -- for instance, stealing personal information from smartphones by using a speech synthesis system.

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Computers

A Code of Ethics for Robot Soldiers?

A Code of Ethics for Robot Soldiers?
Currently all battlefield robots have humans at the controls -- be they 100 yards away, or across the globe. But military machines are becoming more advanced and soon could be making decisions on when to fire and where to bomb, without human input.

In anticipation of that day, Professor Ronald Arkin, a professor of computer science at Georgia Tech, is developing software to govern the behavior of military robots as they become more advanced and autonomous. But we say, skip the exercise and leave battlefield decisions to the soft, fleshy kind of soldiers.

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Computers, Visionaries, Web

Internet to Become Self-Aware Within the Decade?



Does the name Francis Heylighen ring a bell? Didn't think so. But the research professor at the Free University of Brussels has some interesting things to say about artificial intelligence and consciousness in regards to the Internet. Speaking with New Scientist, Heylighen says that "adding consciousness is more a matter of fine-tuning and increasing control... than [it is] a jump to a wholly different level," suggesting that consciousness is simply the brain's ability to prioritize mental resources on the fly. And if you think about it, he makes a good point.

Each and every day that we're online, we have some sort of general interaction with an artificial mind, however basic it may be. Even Googling a term brings up thousands of possible links related to a search query, all without direct human interaction (though the search algorithm is, of course, human-generated). Heylighen points to the challenge, though, of making the Internet truly self-aware and able to address its own needs and deficiencies -- learning, so to speak, autonomously. Heylighen notes that, if the effort to bring the Net to life progresses as has the development of social networks, we could see a baby Skynet within 10 years. [From: New Scientist]

Computers, TV, Visionaries

IBM Supercomputer Hopes to Compete on Jeopardy


Years after building a computer called Deep Blue that gave chess champion Garry Kasparov a run for his money, IBM is now taking aim at another human-only intellectual pursuit -- 'Jeopardy!'

IBM is developing a supercomputer, along with an accompanying program called Watson, to compete on the popular game show, and may even face off against the painfully brilliant Ken Jennings, who holds the record for longest-reigning Jeopardy champion.

The computer's design team has quite a difficult challenge in front of it. Beyond having to parse a vast database of information for answers, the program will have to understand and respond to complex phrasing, puns, analogies, and relationships. And it will have to perform these tasks at lightning speed in order to beat the human contestants to the buzzer. To level the playing field a bit, the computer will not have access to the limitless stores of information online, and will instead be limited to a database of information collected before the show.

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Computers

Computers Suck! People Rule! Final Four Edition



Victory!

We can still claim superiority over the machines! And as long as we continue to be better at picking winners during the NCAA's March Madness, we should be safe from the emergence of Skynet.

Computer scientists have been using statistics, databases, and computer models for years to try and predict the outcome of sports tournaments. Of particular interest is the NCAA's basketball tournament, which culminates in the Final Four.

This year, the computer models were handed their digital asses by human instincts when it came to more accurately picking bracket winners. Joel Sokol, a professor at Georgia Tech, told CNN that, generally, computers are better at picking Final Four winners than people. Yet, Sokol's own models only managed to choose one of the four finalists, although they did correctly pick the University of North Carolina as the overall winner.

Sokol did take some solace in the fact that his model and President Obama picked the same Final Four. Hey, whatever it takes to make you feel better, buddy. We're gonna go do a dance in front of our Macs and flip off our PCs while reminding them how much better we are than them. [From: CNN]

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Computers

Researchers Create Problem-Solving Science Robot


Researchers at Aberystwyth University in Wales have developed a robot that is being heralded as the first machine to have discovered new scientific knowledge independently of a human operator. Named Adam, the device has already identified the role of several genes in yeast cells, and has the ability to plan further experiments to test its own hypotheses. Ross King, from the university's computer science department, remarked that the robot is meant to take care of the tedious aspects of the scientific method, freeing up human scientists for "more advanced experiments." Across the pond at Cornell, researchers have developed a computer that can find established laws in the natural world -- without any prior scientific knowledge. According to PhysOrg, they've tested the AI on "simple mechanical systems" and plan on applying it to more complex problems in areas such as biology to cosmology where there are mountains of data to be poured through. It sure is nice to hear about robots doing something helpful for a change.

[Thanks, bo3of]

Read: Robo-scientist's first findings
Read: Being Isaac Newton: Computer derives natural laws from raw data

Computers

Navy Report Warns of Robot Uprising



You know, when armchair futurists (and jive talkin' bloggists) make note of some of the scary new tech making the rounds in defense circles these days it's one thing, but when the Doomsday Scenarios come from official channels, that's when we start to get nervous.

According to a report published by the California State Polytechnic University (with data made available by the U.S. Navy's Office of Naval Research) the sheer scope of the military's various AI projects is so vast that it is impossible for anyone to fully understand exactly what's going on. "With hundreds of programmers working on millions of lines of code for a single war robot," says Patrick Lin, the chief compiler of the report, "no one has a clear understanding of what's going on, at a small scale, across the entire code base." And what we don't understand can eventually hunt us down and kill us.

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Computers

Computer Program Knows How to Make You More Beautiful

Software to Rearrange, and Beautify, your Face
Chances are you've looked in the mirror before and spotted something on your face you wouldn't mind tweaking, whether it be a simple blemish or something a little more serious such as an uneven eye or a nose that didn't make it through your youth without getting a little crooked.

Such facial issues can be addressed by doctors and surgeons, to some degree (if you've got the money). But if seeing the 'ideal' you in a picture is enough, then a trip to visit some researchers at Tel Aviv University (TAU) might be in the cards. They've developed software able to start with a single picture of a face and automatically re-arrange its parts dynamically to improve its attractiveness.

The researchers trained a computer program to determine those faces considered by humans to be more attractive. Now, when the computer is given a photograph of any person's face (regardless of race or sex), it will manipulate that input face to improve its geometry. The results are occasionally quite noticeable, like the straightening of the eyes in the woman above, which, we figure, makes her more classically attractive. Sometimes, though, the manipulations look rather too artificial and a bit creepy. And isn't beauty in the eye of the beholder, anyway? Hit the read link to see a whole slideshow of automatically retouched celebrities and see for yourself. [From: The New York Times]

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