Police Don't Need Search Warrants to Read Texts, California Court Rules
The Fourth Amendment requires all law-enforcement officials to obtain a search warrant before seizing a suspect's personal property. According to the California Supreme Court, though, the law doesn't apply to cell phones. In a 5-to-2 vote, the court ruled that police don't need a search warrant to search an arrested individual's cell phone -- because cell phones, in essence, are like clothing. The court arrived at the decision after hearing a case involving a man named Gregory Diaz. Diaz had been arrested and convicted on drug charges, after Ventura County police set him up in a sting operation. When they arrested him, police confiscated Diaz's six ecstasy tablets, as well as his cell phone. Later, a detective browsed through his text messages, and discovered that the man had intended to sell the drugs. Diaz admitted to participating in the deal, but appealed the use of his text messages as evidence, on the grounds that the detective didn't have a search warrant.
Writing for the majority opinion, Justice Ming Chin argued that, because cell phones can be considered a part of a suspect's clothing, police have every right to confiscate them within the first 90 minutes following the arrest. Chin's stance was founded upon previous U.S. Supreme Court rulings, which allow warrantless searches of any personal property that's "immediately associated" with a suspect (e.g., clothing or cigarette packages).
Justice Kathryn Werdegar, however, claimed that a person's cell phone still falls outside of these court-established boundaries. Writing in dissent, Werdegar argued that searching a suspect's mobile phone constitutes "highly intrusive" behavior, and called for a reevaluation of current rulings, in light of newer technology. Chin countered by arguing that any such reevaluation "must be undertaken by the high court itself."
We certainly understand Chin's rationale for the decision, but Werdegar's argument is a salient one. A cell phone, after all, is not just another piece of clothing. With one phone, an investigator can have instant access to a person's entire life -- including not only his text messages and phone records, but, in some cases, his e-mails, photos or videos. That's a lot of information for an investigator to seize without legal justification, regardless of the circumstances governing an arrest.
Perhaps more important, though, is the dangerous legal precedent that California's ruling could set. In the coming years, mobile technology will only expand further, and encompass even more aspects of our personal lives. And, if police retain the right to read our text messages at will, there's no telling where their reach could end.





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Comments
37
Subscribe to commentswinterJan 5th 2011 2:06PM
SEEMS THAT THE RAID ON OUR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS IS ALIVE AND WELL ON THE WEST COAST AS IT IS ON THE EAST COAST IN DC. JUST WAIT MUCH WORSE THINGS ARE ON THE WAY UNDER THE RULE OF THE DESPOT OBAMA AND HIS LITTLE MINIONS.
tyrebitreJan 5th 2011 2:29PM
@winter
"UNDER THE RULE OF THE DESPOT OBAMA AND HIS LITTLE MINIONS."-----
Phule, this was a decision of a STATE supreme court: nothing federal about it. It will be challenged; most likely by the ACLU ( another of those watchdog groups you people hate ).
Sean`Jan 5th 2011 2:42PM
Winter - yes our constitutional rights in America have been under attack, but I am sorry Mr. Obama is NOT responsible for those actions...you can thank the real "despot" former President Bush Jr. for that injustice as he was the person who introduced "the patriot act". We as a society need to speak up as a whole when laws are passed that are unethical and unconstitutional.
Furthermore, calling our current President a despot is in horrible taste. Can I ask in what ways has Mr. Obama acted like a tyrant? I can't think of any logical reasoning for labeling our President in this way especially seeing how he is probably the most intelligent and ethical President this country has had in a long time. The only reason that I can come up with for this name-calling is that you are a racist - and if that is true you need to wisen up and get with the current times and stop living in the 50's.
L MartinJan 5th 2011 7:19PM
@winter
California rights have been under attack for a while and under a republican Governor... Schwarzenegger. He has put many laws into effect that compromise our constitutional rights way before Obama ever ran for office. By the way Bush also compromised our constitutional rights by wanting to wire tap at will. It is not a party that demises our rights as citizens but individuals seeking self fulfillment outside the law and stretching the law to their whim. We as American Citizens need to rise up against such injustices and fight for our constitutional rights. Have we grown soft and lazy from our freedoms? Other countries take to the streets in protest when their rights are even slightly oppressed. We Americans have stood back a watched while ours are stripped from under us. My forefathers fought for this country to be free. We can't give up the fight because we think we will always be free.
SatyricalJan 23rd 2011 1:54PM
@winter Wait a minute, i thought liberals were supposed to be SOFT on crime, and want to legalize drugs, and let all the criminals out of jail? Make up your mind you schizo
Lizabeth S. TuckerJan 5th 2011 2:10PM
There is no expectation of privacy with cell phones, whether verbal communication or texting, as they are so very easily hacked. In addition, they are within easy reach of a suspect. If it was written on paper, it would be entirely within the police authority to read it. I think this is a good ruling.
fredfuentJan 5th 2011 2:34PM
@Lizabeth S. Tucker
What if the information was written on paper and stored in a locked box in the home? That is essentially what a phone is: something in which a person keeps private information like names, addresses, phone numbers, etc. Why wouldn't the police need an search warrant to access this private information?
I do not agree with Justice Chin that a phone is the same as a pice of clothing that must be searched. The same could be said for laptops, Ipods, or any other device that can store electronic information.
DaveJan 6th 2011 10:49PM
@Lizabeth S. Tucker sez, "There is no expectation of privacy with cell phones, whether verbal communication or texting, as they are so very easily hacked"
Don't know CA law, do you? It's illegal to intercept ANY electronic communication in CA, thanks to strict wire-tapping laws. Hacking to intercept cell phone communication is a crime.
In general, I see you're not a big fan of the 4th amendment, are you? You know, the part about protecting citizens from unreasonable search and seizure?
I'm not sure where the statement about a cell phone being a "part of the suspect's clothing" came from; seems questionable as a cell phone is not a fashion accessory (!), but would agree that saying it's immediately associated with the suspect is more generally correct.
Remember, a basic premise of issuing a valid search warrant is it should be limited to minimize unnecessary intrusion into the suspect's property and belongings, and must not be overly-broad, i.e. more invasive than necessary to obtain evidence for the crime which the suspect is being investigated. I suspect this ruling reflects the ignorance of techno-Luddites judges who apparently don't understand technology.
Fortunately, most current cell phones allow automatic timed locking of access to the data, where an unlock code is required to unlock. I dare say a request made by law enforcement to provide the unlock code could be refused, on the basis of the right against self-incrimination (5th Amendment). Better yet, let law enforcement guess the password, since auto-deletion of all stored data will occur after a certain number of failed attempts at guessing the password occurs; they get the privilege of destroying any evidence.
GinaJan 5th 2011 2:28PM
I disagree with the ruling. I, in no way support criminal behavior either. But cell phones today are practically a portable computer small enough to carry in your pocket, at least that's how they're advertised. Easily hacked or not, they're intended to be private to the owner, just like PC's. When I see someone else's privacy violated, I assume the onset of "russian roulette", i.e. "when will MY number come up?". If the police need to access someone's cell phone or PC, they should get a warrant.
JakeJan 5th 2011 2:33PM
Does this Ruling only apply to California?
serenaJan 5th 2011 3:04PM
@Jake yes it only applies in California, but it may set a precedent that could be followed by other states.
NancyJan 16th 2011 4:43AM
@fredfuent - Excuse me! If a woman was being arrested, do you seriously think they would not search her purse? That could hide a gun, knife, taser, you name it, with some of the purse sizes I've seen. No law says the police need to be committed to suicide- What if someone in a gang had just texted his buddies to meet at the site of the arrest, with all their weapons? Do you think law enforcement personnel would need to know this information? And, if you think it's so easy enforcing the laws of this country and protecting all it's citizens, not just the criminals, why don't you try doing the job?
franklovesflJan 14th 2011 2:11PM
@fredfuent
Password protect your phone. Problem solved. Cops would need a search warrant to access your phone data then. In the mean time, have your friend 'wipe' the phone.
gJan 5th 2011 2:40PM
seems pretty simple to me: if a warrant is needed for house phone records & for computers, cell phones are phones with computer capability; therefore they should require warrants to access!!!!!!!!! deeming them articles of clothing is ridiculous!!!!!!!!!!
NancyJan 16th 2011 4:42AM
@Sean` You know, it's getting reeeeeal old that every time some one disagrees with the "Messiah", that they must be a racist! How about I'm NOT a socialist? How about requiring people to buy health insurance violates the Constitution? How about the TSA, an arm of the federal gov't, which has gone after the pilot who "outed" the crappy security in San Francisco's airport, like he was a terrorist(which granted in this administration is nowhere as bad as it would have been under Bush)? How about the mountains of debt BHO and the Democratic Congress has attained? How about the Stimulus bill and all the shovel ready jobs (that Obama is now admitting never existed) that was a major Porkopolis, Democratic wish list that he approved?Do any of you socialists get it? If this country is broke, it does not matter what bills are passed, to give "social justice" to the rest of the world. NO ONE HAS THAT KIND OF MONEY!!!!! You could confiscate every dollar of the so-called rich, and spend it on the debt, and it would not be enough! And, as to who is rich, that seems to be a changing definition. I remember under Clinton- They were only going to raise taxes on the rich, anyone making over $200,000.00- Then, rich became over $120,000.00. Then, rich became over $80,000.00. Then, they stopped talking about a dollar amount- it became, if you had a job that paid you money, you were RICH! and everybody's taxes went UP.... GROW UP! As they kept telling me when I worked for a Medicare fiscal intermediary, and kept finding fraud, for which they did nothing, "it's an imperfect world".
sandraJan 5th 2011 2:44PM
Why would anyone be against this? If you don't have anything to hide, what would be the problem?
AshramJan 5th 2011 4:13PM
@sandra
"Why would anyone be against this? If you don't have anything to hide, what would be the problem?"
Under American jurisprudence, if there is no warrant or no good probable cause for search, THEN YOU DO NOT HAVE TO SHOW YOU DON'T HAVE ANYTHING TO HIDE.
To question why a person would be against this is to question important boundaries that those in authority must abide by.
The boundaries I speak of are there for very good reason: to keep the innocent from being hurt by arbitrary action of the state, to help prevent another Salem or another McCarthy era.
DaveJan 7th 2011 12:06AM
@sandra, guess you've never really thought much about what your constitutionally-guarantee of "unreasonable search" means, huh? Probably no doubt you've never heard of the phrase, "probable cause" either?
You might also spend some time thinking about what the word 'liberty' means to you, too (as in "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness")...
chris nimonJan 5th 2011 2:59PM
What a bunch of crap. Phones are not really phones anymore, they are computers that also make calls. Verizon, the big dog on the block, has approximately 3 phones that do NOT require a data plan along with the phone plan. Doesn't the police/gov't need a warrant to get your computer? Oh well, I guess they can read my phone whenever they want, as long as it keeps terrorists from getting me. (complete sarcasm)
annetteetienne10Jan 5th 2011 6:28PM
@serena I doubt it. A lot of thing happens in California and only in California. Then others start jumping on the bandwagon. Just because you can, don't mean you should.